COMMANDS
--------

ls -- list files in current directory
	-l  (show all file attributes)
	-R  (recurse into other directories)

pwd -- show current directory

ps -- process listings
	ax  (show all processess, not just terminal ones..
             background daemons too )

top -- show current info about everything

chown -- change owner  
	(example):
		$ chown user:group filename.txt
	(recursive):
		$ chown -R user:group directory

chmod -- change permissions
	(example):
		$ chmod +x filename.txt
		$ chmod -R o-x dirname/
		$ chmod 644 filename
		$ chmod 700 filename
		(quantities):
			READ = 4
			WRITE = 2
			EXEC. = 1

	(symbols):
		u = owner (thing 'user')
		g = group
		o = others

grep -- find patterns
	
	(just use plain text)

last -- last logins

df -- show partition disk usage
	-h  (common option.. == "human readable")

du -- show disk usage for a particular node
	-h (human readable)
	-s (summary)
	-k (kilobytes)
	(example): du -sh /root
	

w -- show who's logged in, where they're logged in from, 
     what they're running

sort -- sort stdin 

passwd -- change the password
	(if root):
		passwd <user>

sed -- stream editor 
	sed 's/<regex to find>/<string to replace it with>/g'
	(takes stdin, puts to stdout)


cat -- list contents of some node (file)
	cat <filename>

mv -- move stuff  
	mv <file or dir> [<file or dir>,<file or dir>] <destination>

cp -- copy stuff
	cp <file>
	cp -r <dir>

(symbolic):
	~ == <my home directory>
	(example):
		cp -r /htdocs ~/web_backup
	(english):
		copy the web server's htdocs into a folder called
		htdocs in my home directory

rm -- delete stuff
	-r (recursive)
	-f (older systems: do you really wanna delete directories?? 
	    yes!!! prob don't need on modern FBSDs)

date -- what time is it?

cal -- display current month cal
	<year, such as 2001> (display whole year's cals)


kill -- kill a process (won't work w/no params)
	<pid>  kill this process (sends the TERM signal, 
	       the nice way to <i>ask</i> if the proc will
               stop please)
	-9 <pid>
		sends the KILL signal, which always kills

killall <procname> -- kill a process by executable name (sends the
	KILL signal by default... doesn't play nice

echo -- something to stdout
	(example):
		echo "Hi I'm big bad root" | wall

wall -- yell to everyone on a terminal (execept root if you're non-
	root)

mkdir -- makes dir

rmdir -- removes dir (alias for rm -r)	

time <process> time a process's run

ln  (make a link)
	-s (symbolic link)
	(example):
		ln -s /home/webmaster/htdocs/ /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
netstat -- who's connected to what port, etc
	-n (don't do reverse lookups on IPs.. just show me the IP)

nmap <computername> -- do a port scan.. what's open.
	-O determine operating system

head/tail -- show the top/bottom of a file
	-<num> show <num> lines from top/bottom
	-f  "follow" the log file

crontab -- edit things having to do with the cron daemon, i.e., 
	   scheduled services, etc
	-e (edit my crontab file)
	-l (show my crontab entries)
	NOTE:
		man crontab just gives you command instructions.  
		File format can be found in man 5 crontab




-- TIPS --

* Most logs are found in /var/log/

* How to update locate database

/usr/libexec/locate.updatedb

* Cron file syntax (my crontab)

-- start --
MAILTO=""

30 0 * * * webalizer
*/20 * * * * /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/apache/htdocs/mail_tidy.py
0 18 * * 5,6,0 cd /usr/hlds_l/; /usr/hlds_l/cs_start
0 5 * * 6,0,1 killall hlds_run
0,30 * * * * nice /usr/src/psychostats1.5/stats;/usr/local/thttpd/fixindex.py
*/2 * * * * /usr/local/thttpd/fixindex.py

-- end --

Asts correspond to:
minute <space> hour <space> dayofmonth <space> month <space> dayofweek

* "tarballs":

--making
$ ls
  chris_stuff
$ tar cvfpP chris_stuff.tar chris_stuff/
$ ls
  chris_stuff.tar
$ gzip chris_stuff.tar
$ ls
  chris_stuff.tar.gz

--decompressing
$ ls
  chris_stuff.tar.gz
$ gunzip chris_stuff.tar.gz
$ tar xvf chris_stuff.tar
$ ls
  chris_stuff